A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice regarding Swine Flu among High School Students in Selected School of Visnagar City

Mrs. Daxaben Patel¹, Mr. Dharmendra Patel²

¹HOD of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar District: Mehsana

²2^nd Year M.Sc Nursing Student, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar, Dist: Mehsana

*Corresponding Author Email: dharmendrabpatel1435@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Introduction: Health Economic Swine influenza was first proposed to be a disease related to human influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at the same time as humans. The first identification of an influenza virus as a cause of disease in pigs occurred about 10 years later, in 1930. “Swine flu is a contagious respiratory disease that affects & has common outbreaks with pigs.” Respiratory infection commonly present in winter season, it spreads from droplet transmission. It shows symptoms like; Fever, Cold, Running nose, Sore throat, Headache. “Swine flu is a respiratory illness cause by the influenza virus.” Design: A quantitative approach using pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design. Participants: 50 People high school students. were selected by using Non-Probability Convenient sampling technique in Visnagar city. Interventions: Structure Teaching Programme was given to the High school students. Tool: Self Structured Questionnaire and self structured check list was used to assess the level of Knowledge and practice regarding swine flu of High school students. Results: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age 44% (15-16 year), Gender 62% (Male) Religion 90% (Hindu), Types of Family 60% (Nuclear), source of information about swine flu 46 %( peer group), Area of Residency 52% (City), standard of study 30% (9^th standard). The mean post-test Knowledge score (12.78) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (7.02). The calculated “T” value (16.41) was greater than the table value (2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. The mean post-test practice score (8.46) was higher than the mean pre-test practice score (4.24). The calculated “T” value (17.94) was greater than the table value (2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. The structure teaching programme was effective in increasing the Knowledge and practice regarding swine flu. Chi-square test to associate the level of knowledge and practice with the selected demographic variable. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that structure teaching Programme is effective in increase knowledge and practice regarding swine flu of the High school students.

KEYWORDS: Assess, effectiveness, structure teaching Programme, Knowledge, practice and swine flu.

INTRODUCTION:

Swine flu or the influenza a (H1N1) flu, an acute respiratory disease of the pigs, is caused by one of the numerous swine influenza a strains and is highly contagious. The transmission of the virus is from person-to-person and is similar to the manner in which seasonal influenza spreads. The typical incubation period found for influenza is 1 to 4 days, with an average of 2 to 3 days. The symptoms of this form of virus includes sore throat, chills severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort like those of influenza. However, some individuals with swine flu have shown serious respiratory illness, including pneumonia or respiratory failure leading to death. Persons suffering from chronic medical conditions like heart disease, diabetes etc., and pregnant women are at higher risk for complications from swine flu.¹

H1N1 influenza (swine influenza or swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pigs. H1N1 virus causes high levels of illness and low death rates in pigs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009a). The classical swine flu virus (influenza type A H1N1 virus) was first isolated from a pig in 1930 (CDC, 2009a). Like all influenza viruses, H1N1 viruses change constantly. Pigs can be infected by avian influenza and human influenza viruses as well as H1N1 viruses (CDC, 2009a). As of June 2009, the CDC has identified that influenza viruses from different species infect pigs, thus the viruses can reassert (i.e. swap genes) and new viruses that are a mix of swine, human and/or avian influenza viruses can emerge. At this time, there are four main influenza type A virus subtypes that have been isolated in pigs: H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and H3N1. Most of the recently isolated influenza viruses from pigs, however, have been H1N1 viruses (CDC, 2009a). H1N1 viruses do not normally infect humans. But, sporadic human infections with swine flu have occurred. Initially, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs [e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine industry] (World Health Organization [WHO], 2009a).²

NEED OF THE STUDY:

The Swine flu pandemic of 2009 is caused by a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus that was originally referred to as “Swine flu” because many of the genes in this new virus were very similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs in North America. However, this new virus is actually quite different from the typical Swine flu viruses found in pigs; the virus responsible for the 2009 pandemic is termed H1N1 flu virus or novel H1N1 flu virus. This virus first caused illness in Mexico and United State in March and April 2009. This virus acquired the ability for sustained human to human spread throughout the world and infected over a lakh individual. The first case report of Swine flu was noticed in a traveller from USA to India at Hyderabad international airport.³

On 11 June 2009, the WHO issued a pandemic alert level of six indicating that all of the criteria for a pandemic had been met by pandemic H1N1 2009 virus outbreak. The last decade has seen the emergency of two new influenza A subtype and they have become a cause of concern for the global community. These are the pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus and the pandemic 2009 influenza H1N1 virus. There were more than 41,400 laboratory confirmed human causes and over 5000 deaths up to 17 October 2009.⁴

According to health department of India had reported in 2015 total swine flu cases were 42592 and death tolls 2990. In 2016 swine flu cases were 1786 and death tolls 265. In 2017 swine flu cases were 38811 and death tolls 2277. In 2018 swine flu cases were 14992 and death tolls 110. In 2019 swine flu cases were 13355 and death tolls 605 till March 2019.⁵

According to health department of Gujarat had reported in 2018-19 total swine flu cases were 3969 and death tolls 118.⁵

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Knowledge And Practice Regarding Swine Flu Among High School Students In Selected School Of Visnagar City”.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge and practice of High school students regarding Swine Flu.

2. To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on swine flu among high school students.

3. To find out association between Post-test knowledge and practice score with selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1 There will be significant difference between Pre-test and Post-test knowledge score regarding swine flu among high school students.

H2 There will be significant association between the Post- test knowledge scores with selected Socio demographic variables.

H3 There will be significant association between the Post- test practice scores with selected Socio demographic variables.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Pre experimental one group Pretest/Post test research design and Quantitative Approach. Effectiveness of structure teaching Programme knowledge and practice regarding swine flu among High school students of Visnagar City. The data were collected from 50 students of High school. “Non-Probability Convenient” sampling technique were used. A structured questionnaire was selected to assess the knowledge and practice regarding swine flu.

RESULTS:

Demographic data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Frequencies, percentage, mean, mean percentage and standard deviation was used to determine the knowledge score. The ‘t’ value was computed to show the effectiveness of structure teaching Programme and chi-square test was done to determine the association between the post test knowledge of High school students with selected demographic variables.

Finding related to demographic data:

Finding related to percentage in the demographic data including the Age 44% (15-16 year), Gender 62% (Male) Religion 90% (Hindu), Types of Family 60% (Nuclear), source of information about swine flu 46 % (peer group), Area of Residency 52% (City), standard of study 30% (9^th standard).

Analysis and Interpretation of the Data Collected on knowledge of the Samples

Level of Knowledge	Pre test		Post test
Level of Knowledge	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Inadequate (0 -8 score)	35	70%	06	12%
Moderate (09 -16score)	15	30%	34	68%
Adequate (17 -25 score)	00	00	10	20%
Total	50	100%	50	100%

That table shows pre test knowledge scores of the samples on high school student was inadequate knowledge 35 (70%), moderate knowledge 15 (30%) and adequate knowledge 0 (0%) where as post test knowledge score was about 6 (12%) inadequate knowledge, moderate knowledge 34 (68%) and adequate knowledge 10 (20%).

Finding related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme:

Distribution of subject on paired ‘t’ test between pre-test and post-test knowledge score regarding swine flu among High school students.

Finding related to association between post-test knowledge score regarding swine flu with selected demographic variables:

Table show that the association between the Post-test level of Knowledge and socio demographic Variable. Based on the Third objectives used to chi –square test to associate the level of knowledge of swine flu and selected demographic variable. The chi square value show that there is significant in Age, Gender, Religion, Types of Family, Source of information, Area of Residency, standard of study. The calculated Chi-square was less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.

Analysis and Interpretation of the Data Collected on self-Structured Practice check list of the Samples

Level of practice	Pre test		Post test
Level of practice	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Poor practice (0 -7 score)	47	94%	11	22%
Good practice (08 -14 score)	03	06%	39	78%
Total	50	100%	50	100%

This table shows pre-test practice scores of the samples on high school student was poor practice 47 (94%) and good practice 03 (06%) where as post-test practice score was about 11 (22%) poor practice and good practice 39 (78%).

Knowledge test	Mean score	Mean Difference	SD	Calculated ‘t’ value	Table ‘t’ value	df	Level of significance
Pre-test	7.02	5.76	2.69	16.41	2.00	49	0.05
Post-test	12.78	5.76	4	16.41	2.00	49	0.05

Practice test	Mean score	Mean Difference	SD	Calculated ‘t’ value	Table ‘t’ value	df	Level of significance
Pre-test	4.24	4.22	1.34	17.94	2.00	49	0.05
Post-test	8.46	4.22	1.62	17.94	2.00	49	0.05